Fertilizer prices stable as we go into 2025 planting season

Source: USDA news release

With the spring crop planting season approaching, farmers are closely monitoring nitrogen fertilizer prices, which have been volatile in recent years. Fertilizer is a critical input for production of most field crops, impacting crop yields and profitability. Since 2020, fertilizer constituted 33 to 44 percent of corn operating costs and 34 to 45 percent of wheat operating costs, according to USDA, Economic Research Service's (ERS) Commodity Costs and Returns data.

Farmers in the United States use a significant amount of fertilizer to support crop production. In 2022, the total consumption of agricultural fertilizers was approximately 20.5 million metric tons, with nitrogen being the most commonly used nutrient at around 11.96 million metric tons. Image credit - Mark Stebnicki / Pexels

Prices for nitrogen fertilizers, anhydrous ammonia and urea, were relatively steady in 2020 but began rising sharply in 2021, reaching record highs in 2022. Anhydrous ammonia peaked above $1,600 per ton, while urea surpassed $1,000 per ton in 2022. Following their 2022 peak, fertilizer prices trended downward throughout 2023 and into 2024, though they remained above pre-2021 levels.

As of early 2025, prices appear to have somewhat stabilized but are still subject to market changes resulting from shifts in fertilizer supply, demand, and trade conditions. USDA ERS estimates costs per acre for all fertilizers used, including nitrogen, phosphate, potash, and sulfur.

Image Credit - USDA ERS